Accounting coursework Example

Essays on Accounting coursework Essay Current ratio Current assets 159,485 Current liabilities 21,600 Current ratio 7.4 The ability of a company to pay its short-term dues using the current assets is determined through the current ratio. A value of 1 to 2 is an acceptable range and, therefore, Smith Ltd. Company’s ratio is too high, at 7.4. Even though the company does not have any problem paying its short-term creditors since there is an ample current asset, there is a possibility that the company is operating a very strict credit policy, which could put off some customers (Marshall, 2002). Quick ratio Current assets - inventory 147485 Current liabilities 21,600 Current ratio 6.8 Quick ratio, just like current ratio, is a measure of the company’s liquidity level, only that Quick ratio excludes inventory. This ratio is almost at the same range with the current ratio meaning that inventory does not make much difference. The ratio is too high indicating that the company could be missing investment opportunities since it is maintaining too low current liabilities. Accounts receivable turnover Net credit sales 100,000 Average accounts receivable 20,000 Accounts receivable turnover 5 times This ratio also shows a company’s liquidity level. It is a strong indicator of how the management has efficiently employed the accounts receivable. A ratio of 5 times is remarkably high, meaning that collection of accounts receivable and extension of credit to customers was operated efficiently. Alternatively, this may indicate that the company operated, chiefly, on a cash basis (Marshall, 2002). Average Collection period Days * average accounts receivable 7,300,000 (20,000*365) Credit sales 100,000 73 days The company’s average collection period is 73 days, meaning that it takes about 73 days for debtors to clear their dues. This is a good duration since the customers do not take too long to pay and hence the company is able to maintain some good cash flow to pay to finance its operations. Inventory turnover Sales 180,000 Inventory 12,000 15 Times An inventory turnover of 15 is an indication that the company’s stock is selling very fast. This, however, could be a sign that the company is maintaining very low inventory. Total asset turnover Sales 180,000 Total Assets 455,918 Total asset turnover 0.4 This ratio is somewhat high, indicating that the management has invested the assets efficiently to generate income. The management should seek ways of boosting sales to ensure this ratio is maintained at a high level (Lee, 2008). Debt to total assets Debt 146,600 Assets 455,918 Debt to total assets 0.32 This ratio shows the company’s leverage level. A ratio of 0.32 is balanced because the debts are neither too low nor too high. The company should avoid a situation where this ratio gets too high because this can lead to bankruptcy. Also, the company should avoid a situation whereby this ratio drops too low because this could mean that some important investment opportunities are foregone (Marshall, 2002). Debt to Equity Debt 146,600 Equity 276951 Debt To Equity 0.53 Debt to equity is also a measure of the company’s leverage level. A ratio of 0.53 is balanced because it means that the company is not overburdened with interest expenses yet it has invested in a substantial amount of borrowed capital to generate income (Lee, 2008). I can invest in this company Analysis of these ratios has revealed that Smith Ltd is enjoying a very stable financial position, and it would be prudent to invest in it. Overall, the company liquidity is healthy, and it is very unlikely for to be declared bankrupt. Also, the company’s capital structure is an ideal one as it shows that most of its capital is funded by owners rather than creditors. Furthermore, the company’s trading activities are very healthy; with very good credit policies whereby the debtors pay their dues on time hence making the company enjoy very healthy cash flows to help finance its activities (Karen and Knight, 2005). References Karen, B., Knight, J., 2005. Liquidity ratios: Can we pay our bills? Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press. Lee, S., 2008. Ownership Structure and Financial Performance: Evidence from Panel Data of South Korea. Utah: University of Utah. Marshall, D.H. et al., 2002. Accounting: What the Numbers Mean, Fifth Edition with Selected Material from Accounting: Text and Cases, Tenth Edition. Boston: McGraw-Hill Primus. APPENDICES Appendix 1: Statement of financial position as at 31 December 2012 Assets Current assets: Cash From cash flow statement 89243 Inventories From income statement 12,000 Accounts receivable [5,000+100,000-60,000-10,000] 35,000 Pre-paid rates [375+500] 875 Total current assets 137,118 Fixed assets: Freehold land and buildings [220,000-2%] 215,600 Furniture 5,000-10% 4,500 Vehicle I 15,000-20% 12,000 Vehicle II 8,00- [8,000/3] 7,333 Total fixed assets 239,433 Other assets: Goodwill 30,000-(30,000/6) 25,000 brand 15000-5000 10,000 patent 20,000-(5%*20,000) 19,000 Total other assets 54,000 Total assets 430,551    Liabilities and owners equity Current liabilities: Interest payable [12,500-5,500-800] 6,200 Trade payables [5,000+45,000-45,000] 5,000 Wages payable 400 Income taxes payable [10,000-5,000+5,000] 10,000 Total current liabilities 21,600 Long-term liabilities: Mortgage payable 145,000-20,000 125,000 Total long-term liabilities 125,000 Owners equity: Ordinary shares [100,000+20,000* £1.4] 128,000 Preference shares [10,000+20,000* £1] 30,000 Accumulated retained earnings From income statements 125951 Total owners equity 283,951 Total liabilities and owners equity 430,551 - Appendix 2: Statement of Changes in Equity for the financial year ended 31 December 2012    Preferred Stock Common Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit) Total Beginning balance 100,000     10,000    110,000   Issuance of stock   28,000   20,000       48,000   Net income (net loss)            132,651 132,651   Dividends   12,800   900       (13,700) Ending balance               276,951 Appendix 3: Cash flow statement For the financial year ended 31 December 2012 Cash on Hand (beginning of Year) 35,000       CASH RECEIPTS    Cash Sales    80,000 Collections from accounts receivable    60,000 Ordinary shares   [20,000*1.4] 28,000 Preference shares [20,000*1] 20,000 TOTAL CASH RECEIPTS 180,000 Total Cash Available (before cash out) 223,000       CASH PAID OUT    Purchases (merchandise)    50,000 Wages    5,000 Van running expenses    600 Rates (Land Building)    1,500 Electricity bills    2,090 Taxes (corporation tax)    5,000 Interest (Mortgage)    5,500 SUBTOTAL 69,690 Loan principal payment (mortgage)    20,000 Capital purchase (Vehicle II)    8,000 Dividends    13,700 TOTAL CASH PAID OUT 89243 Cash Position (end of year) 89,243 Appendix 4: Income statement for the year ended 31 December 2012

Analysis Of Shakespeare s Hamlet - 1406 Words

As one of the most famous and world-renowned works, Hamlet has been remade countless of times both on stage and on screen. In 2009 a modernized rendition of the brilliant play starring David Tennant as the Prince of Denmark, with Patrick Stewart as Claudius, and Penny Downie as Gertrude was released to the big screen. Set in early modern times, the clothes of this movie may have been updated, however the language remained loyal to the original text. With the significant length of this interpretation of the play, it can be assumed that the writers did not mess with the script too much, thus keeping the plot as it was intended to be enjoyed. While watching the film no major portion of the play was missing, and all actors did a very good job portraying the many conflicts and moments of insanity that is the play of Hamlet. David Tennant and Mariah Gale give brilliant performances of two very different types of insanity, allowing the play to become more understandable to the audience. In all, the movie gave respect to Shakespeare’s most famous of works, while making it enjoyable to a more modern spectators. While the film followed the original text, it was set years after the original setting. The Denmark depicted in the movie resembled that of World War II Germany with its’ military uniforms and iron crosses. Even though it was slightly modernized the new setting was very fitting for the play and worked well with the script. Denmark had just previously been at war with NorwayShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Hamlet 959 Words   |  4 Pagesnot to â€Å"x† (An analysis of Hamlet s Soliloquy To Be or Not to Be) There are many outstanding stories that have been written by the one and only William Shakespeare, in which a soliloquy of a character is very compelling. The play Hamlet by William Shakespeare is a story in which a man kills his own brother and then marries the wife of his brother and takes the throne while he is at it. 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When male characters are flawed, they’re interesting, deep and complex, but when women characters are flawed, they’re just a mess.† Ellen Pompeo. In â€Å"Hamlet† Ophelia and Gertrude are the only females mentioned throughout the Shakespeare’s tragic play. The two women are unappreciated and are consideredRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Hamlet 886 Words   |  4 Pagesthe thing†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hamlet 2.2 .581) The meta-theatrical play The Mousetrap is central to Hamlet. The play-within-a play is a catalyst to the plot and works to illuminate character. This essay will argue that the scene places Hamlet into the role of a playwright who employs theatrical conventions in order to manipulate his audience rather than entertain. Hamlet transforms The Mousetrap play into an accusatory analogy of King Claudius. This scene also largely contrasts the playwright Shakespeare to Hamlet’sRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Hamlet 1650 Words   |  7 Pages Duplication and repetition in Hamlet create an effect in which the core foundations of the play are reiterated and given greater attention as to resonate with the audience. Each of these duplications are binary oppositions that showcase a similar situation with opposite processes or results-- ultimately the majority of these duplications are reverberations of death in scenes that show Hamlet trying to be a hero but ending up being a villain. There are two actions in the play that are duplicatedRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Hamlet 1510 Words   |  7 Pagesknow how they would respond to such an event. Shakespeare s play Hamlet focuses on the concept of grief and the incredible power it has to change the way a person acts. 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James Burgh wrote the elocution manual The Art of Speaking to inform the youth ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Hamlet 1278 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet â€Å"To be or not to be, that is the question† Winner of four Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Actor, Laurence Olivier states in his famous redemption of William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, where Laurence Oliver played as Hamlet. Characters Laurence Olivier- Prince Hamlet Eileen Herlie – Queen Gertrude Basil Sydney- King Claudius (current king of Denmark) Jean Simmons- Ophelia (Polonius’s Daughter) Norman Wooland –Horatio (Hamlet’s friend) Felix Aylmer -Polonius John Laurie –FranciscoRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Hamlet 1609 Words   |  7 Pagesechoes and expounds upon the famous â€Å"To be, or not to be† (Hamlet 3.1.56). The former quote was written by none other than Danish philosopher and poet, Sà ¸ren Kierkegaard. Born in 1813, Sà ¸ren Kierkegaard was well acquainted with Shakespeare’s text and often referred to it in his writings. When watching Kenneth Branagh’s unique, unabridged adaptation of Hamlet, it is apparent that Kenneth Branagh was able to capture how similar his Hamlet and Sà ¸ren are in character while making his mark in cinematographyRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Hamlet 844 Words   |  4 Pagesplay they always put their own spin on the original piece. When Kenneth Branagh and Gregory Doran both made films on Hamlet the presentation of the movies were different. All directors have a style to the way they film; Branagh and Doran both have different filming styles that portray Ha mlet in a different light. In Branagh version of Hamlet he places the movie in Denmark and has Hamlet being the prince of Denmark just like the play does. Adversely Doran places his film in the modern world straying

Crisis Blown over free essay sample

Participative (or participatory) management, otherwise known as employee involvement or participative decision making, encourages the involvement of stakeholders at all levels of an organization in the analysis of problems, development of strategies, and implementation of solutions. Employees are invited to share in the decision-making process of the firm by participating in activities such as setting goals, determining work schedules, and making suggestions.Other forms of participative management include increasing the responsibility of employees (job enrichment); forming self-managed teams, quality circles, or quality-of-work-life committees; andsoliciting survey feedback. Participative management, however, involves more than allowing employees to take part in making decisions. It also involves management treating the ideas andsuggestions of employees with consideration and respect. In this case when the accident happened in the Machine Shop, which could have snowballed into a full fledged strike, the management sought help from the union leaders who responded in a positive manner.After discussions between management and the union leaders, a decision was made about how to create normalcy and the compensation package for the deceased employee’s family. We will write a custom essay sample on Crisis Blown over or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Thus, we can see participative management in force. Ques 2. If your answer is Yes, with what method of participation (you have read in the chapter) do relate the above case? Answer. Participative Management involves both the management and the employees or the representative of the employees in the decision making process. Thus it ensures a higher level of transparency among the employee and management.To know what type of participation method was used in the case, lets first know what is a Union? A union is an organization that represents employees ¶ interests to management on issues such as wages, work hours and working conditions. Employees participate in administering the union and support its activities with union dues, fees they pay for the union services. The law protects employees ¶ rights to join and participate in unions. The law also requires employers to bargain and confer with the union over certain employment issues that affect unionized employees.Involving the employees or the representative of employees (Union) is an element or participative management. Representative participation allows workers to be represented by a small group who actually participate. The goal of representative participation is to redistribute power within the organization. Employees interests become as important as those interests of management and stockholders. According to Stephen P. Robbins, author of Essentials of Organizational Behavior,the two most popular forms of representative participation are works councils and board representatives.Works councils are groups of employees who have been elected by their peers and who must be consulted by management when making personnel decisions. Board representatives are employees that sit on the board of directors and represent labor interests. This behavior is also similar to collective bargaining procedure where unions and management negotiate with each other to develop the work rules under which union members will work for a stipulated period of time. Work rules include any terms or conditions of employment, including pay, work breaks and lunch periods, vacation, work assignments and grievance procedures.This communication contains information which is confidential and may be legally privileged. This email contains information which is for the exclusive use of the intended recipient. If you are not the intended recipient(s),disclosing, copying, disseminating or otherwise taking any action in connection with this communication or the information in it, is prohibited and may be unlawful. If you have received it in error, please notify the sender, delete it from your system, and destroy any copies. ? save a tree, think before printing this e-mail

Mechanical Energy Essays (502 words) - Energy Development, Energy

Mechanical Energy Have you ever wondered how a jet aircraft lifts its tremendous weight off the ground, or what gives a runner the stamina to reach the finish line in a race? In order to answer all these questions we must talk about the transformation of one sort of energy into another. The jet aircraft gets its power from jet turbines. These powerful jet engines create a high-pressure stream of very hot gases that push the aircraft forward as they leave the engine. This is an example of heat being transformed into movement. This is sometimes described as Mechanical Energy. However, this transformation could not take place without the fuel that the aircraft gets within its wings or fuselage. Fuel is considered a chemical energy. Fuel can take the form of gases, solids or liquids. When fuels combine with oxygen from the air, they release their stored energy as heat. We recognize this process as burning. The individual relies on food for fuel which contains energy-giving substances that our bodies can store until we need this energy to use our muscles. When we do use our muscles within us, we may not always be sure that heat is given off. Our bodies do not burst into flames but the perspiration on our skin is a clue to what is happening. The movement of the windsurfer has a different explanation. The windsurfer is propelled along by a sail which collects mechanical energy from the winds that sweep along the water. This energy has been produced by the sun which warms the earth's surface and sets the air above in motion. The sun's heat comes to the earth as a form of radiant energy. When the heat reaches the surface of the earth, it causes the land or seas to rise in temperature. The sun is very hot. Infact, the center of the sun can reach temperatures of up to 27 million degrees Fahrenheit. This is because of another kind of energy reaction where new substances are continually being created as others are being destroyed. This reaction is known to us as the Nuclear Reaction. Today we are trying to imitate this reaction in improving our energy supply. Scientists have calculated that the sun has enough fuel to go on producing energy at its present rate for about five billion years. On earth man-made nuclear reactions are used to produce a form of power we know as electricity. Electricity can be transformed into other kinds of energy such as heat, light and radio waves. Humans have also used the idea of nuclear reactions as a type of weapon. We call this powerful weapon the Atomic Bomb. Electrical energy can also be used to produce laser beams. This involves energy being concentrated to a specific narrow point where the impact of so much power creates heat able to cut through metals. Bibliography Discovering Energy, Frazer, Frank Trewin Copplestone Books Ltd, 1981. Encyclopedia Britannica, Vol. 6 Encyclopedia Britannica, 1979.